REPUBLIC DAY
26
January is celebrated as the Republic Day in India.
26 January is celebrated as the Republic Day in India. The
highlight of the day is the Republic day parade in New Delhi. It begins from
the Raisina Hills near Rashtrapati Bhavan (President’s Palace) through Rajpath,
past India Gate and concludes in Red Fort. It includes vibrant parades, floats
and ends with fly past from the Airforce Jets. The official conclusion of the
festivities occur on Jan 29 following the beating the retreat. This beautiful
ceremony takes place in New Delhi on Raisina Hills flanked by the North and the
South block of the Indian Parliament. It begins in the late afternoon and ends
with the flags being brought down. The concluding song the band marches to is
“Sare Jahan Se Accha” and ends with a spectacular illumination display of the
North and the South Block.
The word Republic is used to
denote that a country in which the supreme power is held by the
people or their elected representatives (politicians) or by an elected or
nominated President not by a permanent head like the King or queen
of Britain. India is one of the important republican
countries of the World. In India, the Republic Day is
celebrated every year on 26th January in New Delhi with great
pomp and pageant. The Republic Day is enthusiastically observed
by citizens as one of the important national festivals of India.
This national
festival is also celebrated all over the country and all
the administrative units like the capital cities, district
headquarters, sub-divisions, panchayats and educational institutions with
a lot of enthusiasm. The date 26th January, 1950 is one of the
memorable days in Indian history as it was on this day the constitution of
India came into force and India became a truly sovereign state
Many people throughout
India celebrate the nation's Republic Day, which is a gazetted holiday on
January 26 each year. It is a day to remember when India's constitution came
into force on January 26, 1950, completing the country's transition toward
becoming an independent republic.
63 years back, a salute of 21 guns and
the unfurling of the Indian National flag by Dr. Rajendra Prasad heralded the
historic birth of the Indian Republic on January 26, 1950; 894 days after our
country became a dominion following withdrawal of British Rule. Since then,
every year the day is celebrated with great pride and happiness all over the
nation. The session was held under the presidency of Pt. Jawarhar Lal
Nehru. Those present in the meeting took a pledge to mark January 26 as
"Independence Day" in order to march towards realizing the dream of
complete independence from the British.
The Lahore Session paved way to the
Civil Disobedience movement. It was decided that January 26, 1930 would be
observed as the Purna Swaraj (complete Independence) Day. Many Indian political
parties and Indian revolutionaries from all over the country united to observe
the day with honour and pride.
Though India became a free nation on August
15, 1947, it enjoyed the true spirit of Independence on January 26, 1950 when
the Constitution of India finally came into force. The Constitution gave the
citizens of India the power to govern themselves by choosing their own
government. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, took oath as the first President of India at
the Durbar Hall in the Government House and this was followed by the
Presidential drive along a five-mile route to the Irwin Stadium, where he
unfurled the National Flag.
On January 26, 1950, the Indian constitution takes
effect, making the Republic of India the most populous democracy in the world.
Mohandas Gandhi struggled through decades of passive resistance before
Britain finally accepted Indian independence. Self-rule had been promised
during World War ll, but after the war triangular negotiations between
Gandhi, the British, and the Muslim League stalled over whether to
partition India along religious lines. Eventually, Lord Mountbatten, the
viceroy of India, forced through a compromise plan. On August 15, 1947, the
former Mogul Empire was divided into the independent nations of India and
Pakistan.
Gandhi called the agreement the
"noblest act of the British nation," but religious strife between
Hindus and Muslims soon marred his exhilaration. Hundreds
of thousands died, including Gandhi, who was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic in
January 1948 during a prayer vigil to an area of Muslim-Hindu violence.
Gandhi's death, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal
Nehru said, "The light has gone out of our lives, and there is darkness
everywhere. Nehru Leadar in the india struggle in the independance day and the
Gandhi's pratigaya. In late 1949, an Indian constitution was adopted,
and on January 26, 1950, the Republic of India was born.
Thereafter
26th of January was decreed a national holiday and was
recognised as the Republic Day of India.
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Dr Rajendra Prasad
Rajendra Prasad was an
Indian political leader who served as the first President of the Republic of
India from 1950 to 1962.
Born: December 3,
1884, Bihar,India
Died: February 28, 1963, Patna, India
Party: Indian National Congress
Education: University of Calcutta,Presidency
College, Kolkata,Surendranath College
Awards: Bharat Ratna
Books: India Divided, Rajendra
Prasad,Autobiography
Place of Birth: Zeradei, Bihar
Tenure Order: 1st President
Took Office: Jan 26, 1950
Left Office : May 13, 1962
Successor: Dr.S Radhakrishnan
Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President
of Independent India, in his special message to his countrymen, on the birth of
the Indian Republic, said:
"We must re-dedicate ourselves on this day to the
peaceful but sure realization of the dream that had inspired the Father of our
Nation and the other captains and soldiers of our freedom struggle, the dream
of establishing a classless, co-operative, free and happy society in 'his
country'. We must remember that this is more a day of dedications than of
rejoicing - dedication to the glorious task of making the peasants and workers
the toilers and the thinkers fully free, happy and cultured."
His life reflects synthesis of
cultures and varied experiences through which he passed his life. Rajandra
Prasad was born in a Bihar village in Chapra on December 3, 1884, the son of a
landlord. His first school was the Chapra District School, where the
Headmaster, Khirode Chandra Ray Chaudhury, recognized his remarkable gifts. He
passed the Entrance examination from the Patna District School, standing first
in the Calcutta University, whose jurisdiction in those days extended from
Bengal 'undivided) and Bihar to Burma including Assam, Orissa etc.
He now came to
Calcutta and joined the Presidency College where he studied Science with Dr. J.
C. Bose and Dr. P. C. Ray as also the Humanities. Again he topped the list of
successful candidates at the next examination (F.A). He graduated with Honours
in English in 1906 and History and secured the Eshan scholarship. The next year
he took his M. A. degree (in English) and in 1910 he took his degree in Law and
joined the bar of the Calcutta High Court. When Patna High Court was
established (1917), he shifted his practice to that Court.
Rajendra Prasad held the high
office of President of the Indian Republic for two terms, upto 1962. With his
balanced judgment, his refusal to be moved by temporary passion, he was the
fittest person to formulate a code of behaviour as between the President and
his Cabinet. He toured the whole of India and brought home to the people a
sense of national values.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad retired to a life of
well-earned rest at Sadakat Asram in Bihar. Next year, on February 28, 1963 he
died all too suddenly, after a brief illness. His last words were 'Lord, now
let thy servants depart in peace'.
Dr. Prasad spent the
last few months of his life in retirement at the Sadaqat Ashram in Patna. He
died on February 28, 1963. In her first citizen, India had imagined a life of
possibilities, and seen an unsurpassed dedication to making them real.
Bharat Ratna (13th
May 1962)
Upadhi of BHARAT RATNA for Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Upadhi of BHARAT RATNA for Dr. Rajendra Prasad
C. Rajagopalachari
Chakravarti
Rajagopalachari, informally called Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, independence
activist, politician, writer and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last
Governor-General of India.
Born: December 10, 1878, Thorapalli, India
Died: December 25, 1972, Chennai, India
Books: Mahabharata, Ramayana, More
Children: C. R. Narasimhan
Awards: Bharat Ratna
Education: Presidency College, Chennai,Bangalore
University
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, informally called
Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, independence activist, politician, writer
and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India. He also
served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras
Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian
Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. Rajagopalachari found the Swatantra
Party and was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award,
the Bharat Ratna. He vehemently opposed the use of nuclear weapons and was a
proponent of world peace and disarmament. During his lifetime, he also acquired
the nickname 'Mango of Salem'.
He also served different
ministry in the post independence period like Ministry for Home Affairs of the
Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. Apart from being a social
reformer, he was also a profound author and gifted the readers with the
translated versions of great epics in Tamil and English.
C. Rajagopalachari was the first recipient of
India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, was also popularly called as
Rajaji or C.R.
Rajaji was an
accomplished writer and made lasting contributions to Indian English
literature. He is also credited with composition of the song Kurai Onrum Illai
set in Carnatic music. He pioneered temperance and temple entry movements in
India and advocated Dalit upliftment. Rajaji has been criticized for
introducing the compulsory study of Hindi and the Hereditary Education Policy
in Tamil Nadu. Critics have often attributed his pre-eminence in politics to
his being a favorite of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. Rajaji was
described by Gandhi as the "keeper of my conscience".
Rajagopalachari
was born to Chakravarti Venkatarya Iyengar and Singaramma on 10 December 1878
in a devout Vadagalai Iyengar family of Thorapalli in the Madras Presidency.
Chakravarti Iyengar was the munsiff of Thorapalli.He was the third and youngest
of the couple's three children, all sons, the elder being Narasimhachari and
Srinivasa.According to popular folkore, while Rajaji was a child, an astrologer
told his parents that he would have the "fortunes of a king, a guru, an
exile and an outcaste. The people will worship him; they will also reject him.
He will sit on an emperor's throne; he will
live in a poor man's hut."
Jawaharlal Nehru
NAME: Jawaharlal Nehru
OCCUPATION: Activist, Prime Minister
BIRTH DATE: November 14, 1889
DEATH DATE: May 27, 1964
EDUCATION: Trinity College
PLACE OF BIRTH: Allahabad, India
PLACE OF DEATH: New Delhi, India
AKA: Pandit Nehru
AKA: Panditji
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of
India, which gained its independence from Britain on Jan. 26, 1950.
On Jan. 26, 1950, two and a half years
after gaining independence from Britain, India proclaimed itself a republic,
ending its status as a British dominion.
Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime
Minister of independent India. He was a member the Congress Party that led the
freedom movement against British Empire. Nehru was one of the architects who
had the opportunity to steer the newly freed-nation. He was also the chief
framer of domestic and international policies between 1947 and 1964. It was
under Nehru's supervision that India launched its first Five-Year Plan in 1951.
Nehru's predominant roles in substantiating India's role in the foundation of
institutions like NAM had surprised the then stalwarts of international
politics. He advocated the policy of Non-Alignment during the cold war and
India, subsequently, kept itself aloof from being in the process of
"global bifurcation".
Since
the 18th century, the British had ruled India and surrounding areas that make
up present-day Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar, first as the British East
India Company and later under a colonial government known as “the Raj.” Though
several major independence movements throughout the history of British rule had
been put down, following the end of World War I, calls for independence grew
stronger. Mohandas Gandhi, a Hindu who preached a campaign of nonviolence;
Gandhi’s protégée Jawaharlal Nehru; and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, a Muslim who
sought increased self-rule through legal and constitutional means emerged as
leaders.
Fifteen years after the Guwahati Session, on 15 August, 1947,
the congress succeeded to overthrow the influential British Empire. Nehru was
recognized as the first Prime Minister of independent India. He was the first
PM to hoist the national flag and make a speech from the ramparts of Lal Quila
(Red Fort). The time had come to implement his ideas and construct a healthy
nation.
He
was also the chief framer of domestic and international policies between 1947
and 1964. It was under Nehru's supervision that India launched its first
Five-Year Plan in 1951. Nehru's predominant roles in substantiating India's
role in the foundation of institutions like NAM had surprised the then
stalwarts of international politics. He advocated the policy of Non-Alignment
during the cold war and India, subsequently, kept itself aloof from being in
the process of "global bifurcation".
The importance of Jawaharlal Nehru in the context of Indian
history can be distilled to the following points: he imparted modern values and
thought, stressed secularism, insisted upon the basic unity of India, and,
in the face of ethnic and religious diversity, carried India into the modern
age of scientific innovation and technological progress.
He
also prompted social concern for the marginalized and poor and respect for
democratic values. Nehru was especially proud to reform the antiquated
Hindu civil code. Finally Hindu widows could enjoy equality with men in matters
of inheritance and property. Nehru also changed Hindu law to criminalize
caste discrimination.
Nehru's administration
established many Indian institutions of higher learning, including the All
India Institute of Medical Sciences, the Indian Institutes of Technology,
and the National Institutes of Technology, and guaranteed in his five-year
plans free and compulsory primary education to all of India's children.
Dr.
B. R. Ambedkar
Alternate name: Baba Saheb
Date of birth: April 14, 1891
Place of birth: Mhow, Central Provinces, India
Date of death: December 6, 1956
Place of death:
Delhi, India
Movement: Dalit Buddhist movement
Major organizations:
Independent Labour
Party, Scheduled Castes Federation,
Republican Party of India
Religion: Buddhism
On 26th January 1950, we
are going to enter into a life of contradictions. In politics, we will have
equality and in social and economic structure, continue to deny the principle
of one man one value.
How
long shall we continue to live this life of contradictions? How long shall we
continue to deny equality in our social and economic life? If we continue to
deny it for long, we will do so only by putting our political democracy in
peril. We must remove this contradiction at the earliest possible moment else
those who suffer from inequality will blow up the structure of democracy which
this Constituent Assembly has so laboriously built up.
“Independence
is no doubt a matter of joy. But let us not forget that this independence has
thrown on us greater responsibilities. By independence, we have lost the excuse
of blaming the British for anything going wrong. If hereafter things go wrong,
we will have nobody to blame except ourselves. There is a greater danger of
things going wrong. Times are fast changing,"
Dr.Bhimrao
Ambedkar was bornDr. B.R. Ambedkar on April 14, 1891 in Mhow (presently in
Madhya Pradesh). He was the ordinal nipper of Ramji and Bhimabai Sakpal Ambavedkar.
B.R. Ambedkar belonged to the "inviolable" Mahar Caste. His
theologian and gramps served in the Country Grey. In those days, the regime
ensured that all the army section and their children were schooled and ran
special schools for this decide. This ensured swell instruction for Bhimrao
Ambedkar, which would human otherwise
been denied to him by the good of his caste.
Watan hamara aisa koi na chhod paaye,
Rishta hamara aisa koi na tod paaye,
Dil ek hai ek jaan hai hamari,
Hindustan hamara hai hum iski shaan hain.
Happy Republic Day
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